DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Kalimat Langsung Dan Kalimat Tak Langsung

Bilamana reported speech menyatakan kata-kata yang sebenarnya, ini disebut direct speech (kalimat langsung). Kalimat-kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan oleh “that” melainkan harus ditandai dengan (tanda baca) koma.

Bilamana reported speech memberikan isi pokok kata-kata yang dipakai oleh si pembicara dan bukan kata-kata yang sebenarnya ini disebut indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung). Dalam indirect speech kalimat-kalimat itu dihubungkan dengan kata “that”.

Bentuk waktu reporting verb tidak diubah, akan tetapi bentuk waktu reported speech harus diubah berdasarkan atas bentuk waktu reporting verb.

Dua cara perubahan bentuk waktu pada reported speech :

Peraturan I

Kalau reporting verb itu past tense, bentuk waktu kata kerja dalam reported speech itu harus diubah ke dalam salah satu dari empat bentuk past tense.

Direct Speech - Indirect Speech

Simple present - menjadi - Simple past

He said ” The woman comes “ He said that the woman came

Dari contoh di atas dapat disimpulkan perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari reported speech sebagai berikut :

Direct Speech

Simple present

Present continuous

Present perfect

Present perfect continuous

Simple past

Past continuous

Future

Present



Indirect Speech

Simple past

Past continuous

Past perfect

Past perfect continuous

Past perfect

Past perfect continuous

Past

Past

Kekecualian :

Kalau reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi

kebiasaan, present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke dalam

bentuk lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanmya, contoh :

Direct Speech - Indirect Speech

He said, “The sun rises in the east” - He said that the sun rises in the east

Dalam reported speech, bila present tense diubah ke dalam past tense dengan peraturan I, kata sifat, kata kerja atau kata keterangan umumnya diubah:

Direct Speech

this = ini

these = ini

come = datang

here = di sini, ke sini

hence = dari sini

hither = ke tempat ini

ago = yang lalu

now = sekarang

today = hari ini

tomorrow = besok

yesterday = kemarin

last night = tadi malam

next week = minggu depan

thus = begini

contoh :

He said, “I will come here”.



Indirect Speech

that = itu

those = itu

go = pergi

there = di sana, ke sana

thence = dari sana

thither = ke tempat itu

before = lebih dahulu

then = pada waktu itu

that day = hari itu

next day = hari berikutnya

the previous day = sehari sebelumnya

the previous night = semalam sebelumnya

the following week = minggu berikutnya

so = begitu

He said that he would go there

Akan tetapi kalau this, here, now dan sebagainya menunjukan pada benda, tempat atau waktu ketika berbicara, maka tidak dilakukan perubahan.

Agus said, “This is my pen”. - Agus said that this was his pen

(ketika berbicara pena berada di tangan pembicara)

Peraturan II

1) Bila reported speech kalimat berita

Dengan peraturan ini reporting verb dianggap dalam present atau future tense tertentu dan kapan saja ini terjadi, bentuk waktu dari kata kerja dalam reported speech tidak diubah sama sekali dalam mengubah direct menjadi indirect speech.

Reporting verb - Reported speech

Present tense - Any tense (bentuk waktu apapun)

Direct : She says to her friend, ” I have been writing “.

Indirect : She says to her friend that he has been writing. (tidak berubah)

Direct : She has told you, ” I am reading “.

Indirect : She has told you that he is reading. (tidak berubah)

Direct : She will say, ” You have done wrongly “.

Indirect : She will tell you that you have done wrongly. (tidak berubah)

Direct : She will say,” The boy wasn’t lazy “.

Indirect : She will tell them that the boy wasn’t lazy. (tidak berubah)

2) Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat tanya

a) Reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi ask atau inquire. Dengan mengulangi kata tanya dan mengubah tenses jika pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata tanya diberitakan.

Direct

He said to me, “Where are you going?”

He said to me, “What are you doing?”


Indirect

He asked me where I was going

He inquired of me what I was doing

b) Dengan menggunakan if atau whether sebagai penghubung antara reporting verb dan reported speech dan mengubah tenses, jika pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata kerja diberitakan :

Direct

He said to me, “Are you going

away today?”

He asked me , “can you come along?”


Indirect

He asked me whether I was

going away that day.

He asked me if I could come along.

3) Kalimat perintah (imperative sentences)

Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat perintah, reporting verb say atau tell harus diubah menjadi kata kerja tertentu yang menandakan :

· command (perintah), misalnya ordered, commanded, dsb yang berarti menyuruh, memerintahkan.

· precept (petunjuk, bimbingan, didikan), misalnya advised yang berarti menasehati.

· request (permohonan), misalnya asked yang berarti meminta, memohon.

· entreaty (permohonan yang sangat mendesak), misalnya begged yang berarti meminta, memohon (dengan sangat).

· prohibition (larangan), misalnya forbade yang berarti melarang.

Dalam perubahannya dari kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, modus imperatif harus diganti dengan infinitif. Tegasnya, reported verb (kata kerja yang diberitakan atau kata kerja dalam reported speech) harus diubah menjadi infinitive with to.

a) Command :

Direct: He said to his servant, “Go away at once!”

Indirect:He ordered his servant to go away at once

b) Precept :

Direct: She said to her son, “Study hard!”

Indirect: He advised her son to study hard

c) Request :

Direct: He said to his friend, “Please lend me your pen!”

Indirect: He asked his friend to be kind enough to lend him his pencil

d) Entreaty :

Direct: He said to his master, “Pardon me, sir”

Indirect: He begged his master to pardon him.

e) Prohibition :

Direct: She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”

Indirect: She forbade her daughter to go there

Kalau reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi reported verb ask, order, command dsb (tapi jika bukan forbid), predikatnya diubah ke dalam infinitive with to yang didahului oleh not atau no + infinitive with to.

Direct: She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”

Indirect: She asked herdaughter not to go there.

4) Kalimat seru (exclamatory sentences)

Bilamana reported speech terdiri dari kalimat seru atau kalimat optatif, reporting verb say

atau tell harus diubah menjadi kata kerja tertentu yang semacam itu seperti exclaim, cry out,

pray dsb.

a) Exclamatory sentences

Direct: He said, “Hurrah! My old friend has come”

Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that his old friend had come.

b) Optative sentences (kalimat yang menyatakan harapan, pujian, dsb)

Direct: He said, “God bless you, my dear son “

Indirect: He prayed that God would bless his dear son

referensi : http://englishtutorial.co.cc/?p=15

Nasi Panggang

Material:
400 grams of warm rice
50 g butter

Stir ingredients:
1 / 2 pcs onions
2 cloves garlic, finely chopped
100 g broccoli, cut into small pieces
100 g carrots, grated coarse (using grated cheese)
100 grams chicken, cut or chopped kecil2-> can be replaced shrimp or beef.
1 / 2 teaspoon salt
1 / 4 teaspoon pepper
100 ml broth

Cheese sauce ingredients:
3 tablespoons butter
3 tablespoons flour
350 ml milk
1 / 4 teaspoon salt
1 / 4 teaspoon pepper
1 / 4 tsp nutmeg powder
75 g grated cheddar cheese

Directions:
1. Stir the warm rice with butter, spread them evenly heat-resistant bowl or pan that has been dioles butter. Set aside.
2. Create a stir: saute onion and garlic until cooked. Add chicken, stirring frequently, until it changes color. Add broccoli, carrots, salt, pepper, and broth. Cook until done. Pour over stir into rice. Flatten.
3. Make cheese sauce: heat the butter, put flour, stirring until the clot. Pour the milk while stirring. Season to taste salt, pepper, nutmeg, and half the cheddar cheese. Pour cheese sauce over stir vegetables, sprinkle cheese, then oven for 35 minutes with the temperature 160 degrees Celsius.

referensi: http://resepmasakanindonesia.idcc.info/resep-nasi-panggang.htm

JAKARTA

Jakarta formerly Batavia and officially the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, it has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi) and a 2010 census count population of 9,580,000.[4] Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre. It is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the tenth-largest city in the world. The urban area, Jabodetabek, is the fourth largest in the world. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research.[6] The city's name is derived from the Old Javanese word "Jayakarta" which translates as "victorious deed", "complete act", or "complete victory".

Established in the fourth century, the city became an important trading port for the Kingdom of Sunda. It grew as the capital of the colonial Dutch East Indies. It was made capital of Indonesia when the country became independent after World War II. It was formerly known as Sunda Kelapa (397–1527), Jayakarta (1527–1619), Batavia (1619–1942), and Djakarta (1942–1972). Jakarta has also been known as the Big Durian by most Indonesians and some foreigners.[7]

Landmarks include the National Monument and Istiqlal Mosque. The city is the seat of the ASEAN Secretariat. Jakarta is served by the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, and Tanjung Priok Harbour; it is connected by several intercity and commuter railways, and served by several bus lines running on reserved busways.

REFERENSI: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta

Donat Yummy

For an alternative please try other donuts recipes donuts recipes soft could create a donut-style J-co with only a little creativity.

Material:
300 g wheat flour
1 / 2 pack (5.5 g) instant yeast
3 egg yolks, beaten
2 tablespoons margarine
150 ml warm milk
oil for frying

Spread:
100 g dark cooking chocolate, melted
100 g meisjes / brown rice

Method:
-Mix the flour and yeast and stir well.
-Add eggs and maragarin while knead until blended.
-Pour the milk little by little and knead until smooth true. Round the dough, place in a warm place for 45 minutes until fluffy twice before.
-Kempiskan dough, divided into 12 parts. Round each past - shape by hand until the hollow middle.
- Put in baking pan bersemir oil and let stand for 10 minutes until fluffy.
-Heat oil over low heat a lot. Fry until brown and cooked donuts. Remove, drain and chill.
-Brush the surface of each donut with melted chocolate. Sprinkle with chocolate and let stand until hardened. Serve.

For 12 pieces

referensi: http://resepmasakanindonesia.idcc.info/kue-donat.htm

Sebuah Kisah Klasik

Shake my hand, perhaps for last time
We talked about the memory of that era
Hug me wipe my tears also
We moved as if not to meet again

Have fun
'Cause this day is' do we miss
On the day be a classic tale for the future
Have fun
'Cos this time that' we are not proud in the old days

Goodbye my friend
S'moga we always
Being a classic tale for the future
Goodbye my friend
May we always
Being a classic tale for the future

Have fun
'Cause this day is' do we miss
On the day later ...


Maybe I still want to be with you
Maybe my soul is hungry for your compliment

referensi: http://lirik.kapanlagi.com/artis/sheila_on_7/sebuah_kisah_klasik_untuk_masa_depan

Passive Voice

Passive Voice

Passive Voice atau ada juga yang menyebutnya Passive Forms merupakan salah satu bentuk kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris. Dalam definisi singkatnya Passive Voice berarti suatu bentuk kata kerja transitif dimana secara tata Bahasa Inggris subjek dari kalimat berpelaku sebagai ‘pasien’, yaitu yang menerima aksi dari sebuah pekerjaan. Kalimat Pasif umumnya kontras dengan Kalimat Aktif atau yang biasa dikenal dengan Active Voice, kalimat ini bermakna suatu bentuk kata kerja transitif dimana subjek dari kalimat berpelaku sebagai ‘agen’, yaitu yang melakukan aksi dari sebuah pekerjaan.
Rumus umum passive voice :
Pasif : Objek + to be + Verb 3 (Kata Kerja Bentuk III) ( + by subjek) + dll
Dibawah ini artikel yang mengandung kalimat passive voice :
Note : Kalimat yang diketik tebal itulah contoh dari kalimat passive.

Indonesian first president was a nationalist is led by Ir.Soekarno Ir.Soekarno.PNI in 1928. The time spent by him in prison and in exile because of his courage against invaders.

Sukarno's speech about the basics of Indonesia's independence at a hearing called Pancasila BPUPKI June 1, 1945. Indonesian independence was proclaimed by Ir.Soekarno with Mohammad Hatta on August 17, 1945. They were arrested by the Dutch and exiled kebengkulu in 1948. Ir.Soekarno returned to Yogya and restored his position as President of the Republic in 1949.

The soul of leadership and the struggle is never dashed. Sukarno along with other state leaders become the spokesperson for the non-aligned countries in the Asia-Africa Conference in Bandung in 1955. Almost all of his life spent in worship and fight.

Translate Text B Unit 2

Nama : Tassya Anjani Puji Hutami
Kelas : 1EA06
NPM : 16210825

the scince of economic is based upon the facts of our everyday lives. economists study our everyday lives and the general life of our communities in order to understand the whole economic system of which we are part. they try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live, and to explain how it all works. the economist's methods should of course be strictly objective and scientific.
we need food, clothes and shelter. we probably would not go to work if we could satisfy these basic need without working. but even when we have satisfied such basic needs, we may still want other things. our lives might be more enjoyable if we had such things as radios, books and toys for the children. human beings certanly have a wide and very complex range of wants. the science of economics is concerned with all our material needs : it is concerned with desire to have a radio as well as the basic necessity of having enough food to eat.

Artinya :
Ilmu dari ekonomi berdasarkan fakta-fakta kehidupan kita sehari-hari. Ekonomi studi kehidupan sehari-hari kita dan kehidupan umum masyarakat kita untuk memahami sistem ekonomi seluruh yang kita bagian. Mereka mencoba untuk menggambarkan fakta-fakta ekonomi di mana kita hidup, dan menjelaskan bagaimana semuanya bekerja. Metode para ekonom tentu saja harus secara ketat obyektif dan ilmiah.
Kami membutuhkan makanan, pakaian dan tempat tinggal. Kita mungkin tidak akan pergi ke bekerja jika kita bisa memenuhi kebutuhan dasar ini tanpa bekerja. Tetapi bahkan ketika kita telah memenuhi kebutuhan dasar seperti, kita masih mungkin ingin hal-hal lain. Hidup kita mungkin akan lebih menyenangkan jika kita memiliki hal-hal seperti radio, buku dan mainan untuk anak-anak. Manusia trtentu memiliki berbagai macam dan sangat kompleks inginkan. Ilmu ekonomi berkaitan dengan semua kebutuhan materi kita: itu berkaitan dengan keinginan untuk memiliki radio serta kebutuhan dasar memiliki cukup makanan untuk dimakan.